{"id":7490,"date":"2023-12-04T10:26:24","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T09:26:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/?p=7490"},"modified":"2023-12-05T11:07:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T10:07:56","slug":"piping-restraints-when-and-where-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/?p=7490&lang=sq","title":{"rendered":"Bashkimet e tubacioneve: Kur dhe ku?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bashkimet e tubacioneve: Kur dhe ku?<\/strong><\/h1>\n
\"\"
Shembuj Hymax Intregral Restraint 3<\/em>
Foto nga Mueller International Holdings Ltd<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

P\u00ebrdorni k\u00ebto kritere <\/strong>p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar bashkimet e duhura p\u00ebr t’u instaluar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teknikat e bashkimit sigurojn\u00eb q\u00eb tubacionet t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur dhe ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb parandalimin e d\u00ebmtimeve q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sjellin mbylljen e sistemit t\u00eb furnizimit me uj\u00eb t\u00eb pijsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Lidhjet mekanike t\u00eb tubacioneve t\u00eb nyjeve t\u00eb tilla si 45s, 90s, kapak\u00ebt fundor dhe lidhjet e hidrantit jan\u00eb pika t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb kufizimit si\u00e7 jan\u00eb lidhjet n\u00eb impiantet e trajtimit t\u00eb ujit dhe vendet e puseve.<\/p>\n

Bashkimi i tubacioneve n\u00eb rrjesht p\u00ebrdoret aq gjer\u00ebsisht sa \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb procedur\u00eb standarde midis inxhinier\u00ebve t\u00eb projektit. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin bashkime p\u00ebr raste specifike, disa inxhinier\u00eb i p\u00ebrdorin ato n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb ujit t\u00eb pijsh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, shtimi i bashkimeve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mund t\u00eb rris\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm kostot e projektit. Ekzistojn\u00eb standarde p\u00ebr t’u ndjekur dhe teknika p\u00ebr t’u aplikuar p\u00ebr bashkimin e lidhjeve t\u00eb tubave n\u00eb kushte dhe mjedise specifike.<\/p>\n

Kriteret e bashkimit<\/strong><\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse inxhinier\u00ebt zakonisht vendosin se kur dhe si t\u00eb bashkojn\u00eb tubat, menaxher\u00ebt e uj\u00ebsjell\u00ebsave duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e procesit, pasi u takon atyre t\u00eb sigurohen q\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb riparime pasi t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb. Gj\u00ebrat e para q\u00eb duhen ekzaminuar jan\u00eb faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb rrezik p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjen dhe \u00e7arjen e tubit.<\/p>\n

Natyra e sistemit t\u00eb tubacioneve<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb tubacion t\u00eb groposur n\u00ebn presion, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb linja kryesore e ujit t\u00eb pijsh\u00ebm, forcat e shtytjes boshtore veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb tub bazuar n\u00eb ndryshimet n\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsin\u00eb e ujit, madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e tubit, k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn dhe drejtimin e tubacionit. Kjo zakonisht ndodh n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tilla si kapak\u00ebt, valvulat, nyjet, brrylat ose reduktuesit e presionit. Pikat e tilla t\u00eb nxehta duhet t\u00eb bashkohen kategorikisht.<\/p>\n

L\u00ebvizja e tok\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00ebrmetet dhe l\u00ebvizja e tok\u00ebs mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb d\u00ebmtime t\u00eb lidhjes, prishjes t\u00eb trar\u00ebve ose prerjes dhe \u00e7arje p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb gjat\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb tubi. Tendencat gjeografike t\u00eb nj\u00eb rajoni ndikojn\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebvizjen e tok\u00ebs. Disa rajone kan\u00eb rregullisht l\u00ebvizje, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjerat jan\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme.<\/p>\n

Kalifornia, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrjeton t\u00ebrmete dramatike dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7udi q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb bashkim i tubave ne nje nivel te larte sigurie n\u00eb zonat p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb Bregut Per\u00ebndimor. Zona t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb linjat kryesore p\u00ebsojn\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb tok\u00ebs q\u00eb edhe pse m\u00eb pak dramatike mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb tubacionet.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arja e linj\u00ebs n\u00eb New Madrid \u00ebsht\u00eb e dukshme pasi prek m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 15 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz n\u00eb Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri dhe Tennessee. P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb \u00e7arjes n\u00eb Ramapo, i cili kalon rreth 70 milje p\u00ebrmes Nju Xhersit, Nju Jorkut dhe Pensilvanis\u00eb, l\u00ebvizja e tok\u00ebs ka d\u00ebmtuar sistemet e tubacioneve edhe pa pasur t\u00ebrmete t\u00eb plota. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb paralajm\u00ebruar p\u00ebr rrezikun e t\u00ebrmetit nga operacionet e \u00e7arjes hidraulike.<\/p>\n

L\u00ebvizja e tok\u00ebs mund t\u00eb shkaktohet gjithashtu nga ndryshimet sezonale t\u00eb motit, t\u00eb tilla si ciklet e ngrirjes-shkrirjes n\u00eb dim\u00ebr dhe pranver\u00eb. L\u00ebvizja e tok\u00ebs gjithashtu mund t\u00eb shoq\u00ebroj\u00eb ndryshimet ekstreme t\u00eb motit.<\/p>\n

Sforcime t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb tok\u00eb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Disa rrethana k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb q\u00eb tubat t\u00eb frenohen, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb hidrant\u00ebt e zjarrit. Lidhja HYMAX GRIP p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb zinxhir dh\u00ebmb\u00ebsh kap\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushtruar kund\u00ebrpresion p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar tubin boshtor<\/em>
Foto nga Mueller International Holdings Ltd<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tubi gjithashtu mund t\u00eb ndikohet nga toka n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme. Sasia e gurit n\u00eb tok\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtoj\u00eb tubacionet. N\u00eb prani t\u00eb nj\u00eb niveli t\u00eb lart\u00eb guri, edhe l\u00ebvizjet e lehta t\u00eb shkaktuara nga trafiku ose moti mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb \u00e7arjen e tubacioneve. Zonat k\u00ebnetore me tok\u00eb t\u00eb lag\u00ebsht q\u00eb l\u00ebviz leht\u00ebsisht mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb gjithashtu tubat.<\/p>\n

Mjediset q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb shk\u00ebputjen e tubave p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb zonat e batic\u00ebs, kalimet e urave dhe tubat q\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebn uj\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto rrethana, \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb konsultoheni me inxhinier\u00ebt se si t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoni rreziqet.<\/p>\n

Teknikat e bashkimit t\u00eb tubave<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekzistojn\u00eb disa teknika p\u00ebr bashkimin e tubave, secila me avantazhe dhe disavantazhe n\u00eb kosto, koh\u00eb dhe pun\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Bulonat\/Prixhonieret<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Relativisht koh\u00ebt e fundit, prixhonieret jane teknika m\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorur e bashkimit\/xhuntove. Shufrat e bashkimit jan\u00eb zakonisht bulona ose prixhoniere me rondele dhe dado q\u00eb futen n\u00eb fllanxhe dhe b\u00ebjn\u00eb bashkimin e tubave. Disa lloj bashkuesish madje p\u00ebrdorin prexhonierin p\u00ebr lidhjet e fllanxhave. E meta kryesore e kesaj \u00ebsht\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e kushtueshme p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket koh\u00ebs dhe materialeve.<\/p>\n

Bazament betoni<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bazamentet e betonit jan\u00eb blloqe betoni t\u00eb projektuar t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb t\u00eb dy skajet e nj\u00eb linje tubash ose pran\u00eb nj\u00eb nyjeje p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar terheqjen e tubave. Nd\u00ebrsa tubat e bashkuar me fllanxha dhe prexhoniere, bazamentet e betonit ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ankorim t\u00eb fort\u00eb n\u00eb fund ose n\u00eb nj\u00eb kthes\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar l\u00ebvizjen. Bazamentet e betonit jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb zakonisht prej betoni, por versionet e improvizuara jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga shtylla \u00e7eliku, shtylla druri t\u00eb trajtuara me presion ose qese betoni t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Materialet jan\u00eb t\u00eb lira, por k\u00ebrkon koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar bazamentin, p\u00ebr t\u00eb derdhur betonin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb pritur q\u00eb ato t\u00eb trajtohen. Sistemi i tubacioneve duhet t\u00eb mbyllet p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar q\u00eb betoni t\u00eb thahet si\u00e7 duhet p\u00ebrpara lidhjes s\u00eb tubit. Kostot shtes\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00eb koh\u00ebn q\u00eb duhet p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar pun\u00ebn. N\u00eb disa raste, nuk ka hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr bazamentet e betonit, si p.sh. aty ku linjat e sh\u00ebrbimeve jan\u00eb af\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Betoni mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar prishjen e lidhjes se tubave. Nd\u00ebrsa kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb efektive, riparimi i lidhjes n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i nd\u00ebrlikuar. Eshte e novojshme qe te pakten, nj\u00ebra ane e tubit duhet t\u00eb rrethohet me plastik\u00eb p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb derdhet betoni – p\u00ebrndryshe i gjith\u00eb tubi dhe lidhja duhet t\u00eb pritet dhe t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet kur nevojiten riparime.<\/p>\n

Bashkimet mekanike dhe brrylat<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bashkimet mekanike dhe brrylat p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb lidhjen e linjave te tubave duke p\u00ebrdorur brrylin me fllanxha. Disa produkte t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb n\u00eb treg, dhe ato jan\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr bashkimin e tubave. Megjithat\u00eb, procesi k\u00ebrkon koh\u00eb. Sa m\u00eb e madhe t\u00eb jet\u00eb pajisja bashkuese mekanike, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb bulona ka p\u00ebr t’u shtr\u00ebnguar. Kjo teknik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht efektive p\u00ebr tubat me diamet\u00ebr t\u00eb madh q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrforcime t\u00eb konsiderueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb q\u00ebndruar t\u00eb lidhur.<\/p>\n

Pengesa m\u00eb e madhe e bashkimeve mekanike dhe brrylave \u00ebsht\u00eb kostoja e tyre e lart\u00eb e pun\u00ebs; kostoja materiale e fllanxhave \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e konsiderueshme. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, kur p\u00ebrdorim fllanxhat, mekanizmi i kapjes krijon pika stresi n\u00eb tub. Specialist\u00ebve mund tu duhet gjithashtu nj\u00eb koh\u00eb e gjat\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtrenguar fllanxhat sic duhet.<\/p>\n

Bashkimet lidh\u00ebse<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Produktet e fiksimit t\u00eb bashkimit p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb kapur tubat p\u00ebr t’i bashkuar ato. Ato jan\u00eb efektive dhe me kosto relativisht t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. T\u00eb ofruara n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb diametrash, bashkimet lidh\u00ebse mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb disa lloje tubash metalik\u00eb dhe plastik\u00eb ku linjat e sh\u00ebrbimeve ose kalojn\u00eb ose shkojn\u00eb paralelisht me tubat e ujit. Sigurohuni q\u00eb t\u00eb kontrolloni llojet e p\u00ebrshtatshme t\u00eb tubave t\u00eb ofruara nga prodhuesi kur p\u00ebrdorni bashkime lidhese. K\u00ebto cil\u00ebsime t\u00eb af\u00ebrta tub m\u00eb tub e b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ose t\u00eb pamundur instalimin e blloqeve t\u00eb shtytjes dhe shufr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Kufizimet e bashkimit HYMAX\u00ae nga Krausz ofrojn\u00eb devijim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm dinamik, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se tubi mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrkulet brenda bashkimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb fort\u00eb duke parandaluar t\u00ebrheqjen e tubit. Kjo mund t\u00eb reduktoj\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm prishjet, duke pasur parasysh se l\u00ebvizja e tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkak kryesor p\u00ebr t\u00ebrheqjen e tubave.<\/p>\n

Zinxhiri i dh\u00ebmb\u00ebve shtr\u00ebngues t\u00eb mbajt\u00ebsit aplikon kund\u00ebrpresion q\u00eb parandalon l\u00ebvizjen boshtore t\u00eb tubit. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, nj\u00eb cop\u00eb litari me asistenc\u00eb hidraulike progresive vet\u00eb-fryhet duke p\u00ebrdorur presionin ekzistues t\u00eb ujit. Nd\u00ebrsa presioni i ujit rritet n\u00eb tub, uji hyn n\u00eb cop\u00eb litari, e cila fryhet vet\u00eb dhe lejon devijimin dinamik t\u00eb tubave duke ruajtur nj\u00eb vul\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb bashkosh apo t\u00eb mos bashkosh?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Disa rrethana k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb q\u00eb tubat t\u00eb bashkohen. K\u00ebto p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb an\u00ebt e puseve, tubacionet n\u00eb uj\u00eb dhe impiantet e trajtimit, aplikimet industriale q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb hidrant\u00eb dhe valvola. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto situata, rrjedha e ujit mund t\u00eb luhatet dhe t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb stres n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Pyetja n\u00ebse duhet t\u00eb bashkojm\u00eb nuk ka gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb qart\u00eb. Bashkimi e b\u00ebn sistemin m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb, por n\u00ebse rreziku \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht i vog\u00ebl, mund t\u00eb mos ia vlej\u00eb kostoja. Vlen t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohen zonat e sistemit q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb bashkohen dhe cila teknik\u00eb bashkimi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e p\u00ebrshtatshme.<\/p>\n

Duke par\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb faktor\u00ebt, inxhinier\u00ebt dhe operator\u00ebt e sistemit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb kostot dhe p\u00ebrfitimet e secil\u00ebs zgjidhje p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb vendosin se \u00e7far\u00eb lloj bashkimi \u00ebsht\u00eb optimal.<\/p>\n

Autori Cristi Bruns (cristi.bruns@muellerwp.com)<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb menaxher i llogarive t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes dhe p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve t\u00eb HYMAX<\/em> p\u00ebr Produktet e ujit Mueller.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebnim<\/em><\/strong>: Mueller International Holdings Ltd<\/em><\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb an\u00ebtare e SHUKALB.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bashkimet e tubacioneve: Kur dhe ku? P\u00ebrdorni k\u00ebto kritere p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar bashkimet e duhura p\u00ebr t’u instaluar. Teknikat e bashkimit sigurojn\u00eb q\u00eb tubacionet t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur dhe ndihmojn\u00eb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[281],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-burimi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7490"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7490\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shukalb.al\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}